Q44

The memory access time is $1$ nanosecond for a read operation with a hit in cache, $5$ nanoseconds for a read operation with a miss in cache, $2$ nanoseconds for a write operation with a hit in cache and $10$ nanoseconds for a write operation with a miss in cache. Execution of a sequence of instructions involves $100$ instruction fetch operations, $60$ memory operand read operations and $40$ memory operand write operations. The cache hit-ratio is $0.9$. The average memory access time (in nanoseconds) in executing the sequence of instructions is ______.